2008 Muslim - Sufi Holidays
* 12/10 eve to 1/9 eve: Dhu al-Hijjah--Muslim month of pilgrimage (the Hajj) to honor Allah, the one genderless universal Deity, at the shrine of the holy Kaaba Stone in Mecca. [Mecca was also the site of the Old Arabic shrine to God Al-Lah and his daughters, Goddesses Al-Lat, Al-'Uzza, and Manat. See Qur'an Surah 53, Vs. 19-20. See also summaries of scholarship on the "Daughters of Allah" from the Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement, from Wikipedia, from Sam Shamoun, and from Margi B. ] [a/k/a Zul-Hijjah]
* 1/1: World Peace Day--Day to meditate for peace throughout the world. [Universal Hour of Peace: 7:00-8:00 a.m. EST.]
* 1/4: Day ethnic discrimination was outlawed world-wide (1969); day to mourn all manifestations of racism. [Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination: signed/adopted 3/7/1966; entered into force 1/4/1969.] [Text of Convention] [For more information, see Anti Racism Information Service website; Human Rights Watch website.] [Article 2 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Text of Declaration) and Article 2 of the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (Text of Covenant) also prohibit discrimination on account of race.] [The U.N. has designated 3/21 to 3/27 Week of Solidarity with the Peoples Struggling against Racism and Racial Discrimination.]
* 1/9 eve to 1/19 eve: Muharram/Muslim New Year (Year 1429) & A'ashurah. The Qur'an says: "O mankind! Lo! We have created you male and female, and have made you nations and tribes that ye may know one another. Lo! the noblest of you, in the sight of Allah, is the best in conduct." [See Qur'an Surah 49 Vs. 13. And see the Universal Islamic Declaration of Human Rights. For scholarly discussions of human rights in Islam, see Religious Human Rights in the Qur'an by Riffat Hassan and Human Rights in Islam by 'Allamah Abu al-'A'la Mawdudi. See also the Islamic Human Rights Commission, an organization that advocates for justice for all. But see Human Rights Watch report: Saudi Arabia (Saudi Arabia is the center of Sunni Islam) and Human Rights Watch report: Iran (Iran is the center of Shi'a Islam).] [a/k/a Islamic New Year] [Muharram 1-10]
* 1/18 eve to 1/19 eve: A'ashurah--Day Shi'a Muslims mourn the death of Al-Hussain ibn Ali, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad and the third Shi'a Imam, at the Battle of Karbala in 680. [While Shi'as consider Ali ibn Abi Talib (Al-Hussain ibn Ali's father and the Prophet Muhammad's son-in-law), to be the legitimate successor of the Prophet Muhammad, Sunnis do not. Disagreement over the succession caused civil war and a schism in Islam. Conflict between Sunnis and Shi'as continues. Vigil for peaceful coexistence of Sunnis and Shi'as and for religious tolerance of all Muslims by all Muslims.] [A'ashurah also commemorates the building of the Kaaba in Mecca in pre-Islamic times.] [A'ashurah is a fast day.] [a/k/a Ashura, Aashura] [Muharram 10]
* 1/20: World Religions Day--Day to contemplate all religions as different paths to the one universal Deity of many names and aspects.
* 1/21: Day the Central Council of Ex-Muslims was founded to advocate for the human rights of those who convert from Islam (2007). [Though some interpret the Qur'an to guarantee the freedom to choose one's religion, others interpret sharia law to authorize the killing of converts. Apostasy laws are used to persecute members of minority Muslim sects and Muslim dissidents as well as converts.] [Article 18 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Text of Declaration) and Article 18 of the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (Text of Covenant) guarantee the freedom to choose one's religion.]
* 2/6: Day to mourn all the women and girls who have been subjected to female genital mutilation. [Female Genital mutilation is also known as "FGM" and "female circumcision". FGM results in severe pain, bleeding, disfigurement, urine retention, recurrent infections, painful menstruation, sexual dysfunction, infertility, and complications in childbirth.] [International Day of Zero Tolerance of Female Genital Mutilation and Cutting established on 2/6/2003 by the Inter-African Committee on Traditional Practices Affecting the Health of Women and Children (IAC).] [Islamic fatwa ruling that female circumcision is not a prescribed ritual of Islam (8/28/2002)] [Islamic fatwa prohibiting the removal of the clitoris as part of female circumcision (2/7/2004)] [For more information about FGM, see Amnesty International website; Female Genital and Sexual Mutilation - Bibliography.
* 2/13: Birthday of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, founder of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community (1835). He advocated a peaceable form of Islam that rejects violent jihad. He believed he was a divine reformer and the Mahdi, who would rid the world of evil in the end days. [Death day 5/26/1908] [Ahmadis, Sufis, and many Sunnis and Shi'as reject violent jihad. Jihad is conceived to be an inner struggle against evil of all kinds.]
* 3/1: Day the production and use of landmines was outlawed world-wide (1999); day to mourn their victims. [Protocol on Prohibition or Restrictions on the Use of Mines, Booby-Traps, and Other Devices a/k/a Convention on Landmines a/k/a Mine Ban Treaty, amending the 1980 Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May be Deemed Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects: Treaty signed/adopted 10/10/1980; entered into force 12/2/1983; Protocol signed 12/3/1997; entered into force 3/1/1999.] [Text of Convention] [The U.S., Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Turkey, Pakistan, Egypt, Morocco, Libya, Syria, and Iran have not ratified the Protocol.] [There are between 60 and 70 million landmines in the ground of 70+ countries. Landmines maim or kill approximately 26,000 civilians each year, including 8,000 to 10,000 children.] [In the name of Allah, and for love of Allah, Muslims should renounce the production and use of landmines, and should demand removal and destruction of all existing landmines.] [For more information, see International Campaign to Ban Landmines website; Adopt a Minefield website.] [The U.N. has designated 4/4 International Day for Mine Awareness.]
* 3/8: International Women's Day--Day to mourn victims of gender-based oppression and misogyny (past and present), make peace, and celebrate women's empowerment. [See U.N. website on International Women's Day; A history of International Women's Day.]
* 3/8 eve to 3/9 eve: Remembrance day for Rabi'a al-bint Isma'il 'Adawiya (717-801), Sufi saint and preacher; she loved Deity passionately. Sufis seek Truth through love, wisdom, and action. [Rabi'a lived in Iraq. She rejected worship motivated by the desire for heavenly reward or the fear of punishment; she insisted that love is the sole valid form of worship.] [a/k/a Rabi'a al-'Adawiyya al-Qaysiyya and Rabi'a al-Basri] [Rabi' al-Awwal 1] [Birthday & death day unknown] [See article on Rabi'a.]
* 3/9: Day slavery was outlawed world-wide (1927); day to mourn its continued existence. [Convention to Suppress the Slave Trade and Slavery: signed/adopted 9/25/1926; entered into force 3/9/1927.] [Text of Convention] See also the Protocol Amending the Slavery Convention. [Text of Protocol] [Article 4 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Text of Declaration) and Article 8 of the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (Text of Covenant) also guarantee freedom from slavery.] [The U.N. has designated 3/25 Slavery Remembrance Day. The U.N. has designated 8/23 International Day for the Remembrance of the Slave Trade and its Abolition. The U.N. has designated 12/2 International Day for the Abolition of Slavery.]
* 3/12: Day Pope John Paul II, in the name of the Catholic Church, asked Deity's forgiveness and apologized: to Christians of other denominations for intolerance to them, to Jews for anti-Semitism, to peoples of all non-Christian religions for intolerance and contempt for their religious traditions, to women for their humiliation and marginalization, and to the poor and the powerless for indifference to them (2000). [On the first Sunday in Lent in the Jubilee Year, as a part of the liturgy of the Mass inside St. Peter's Basilica, at the Vatican, Pope John Paul II made this public confession with the aid of seven cardinals and bishops. See Transcript of Confession and Request for Forgiveness.] [While the Catholic Church instigated the Crusades, forcibly converted non-Christians, and killed Christian dissidents, ordinary Catholics at the time had no say in it. Nor did any Christian alive today. While it is appropriate to expect atonement from the Catholic Church, it is immoral to blame all Catholics/Christians for the past abuses committed by the Church.]
* 3/18: Day the first woman served as imam, leading a public, mixed-gender, Muslim congregation in Jum'ah prayer, and delivering the sermon (2005). [Dr. Amina Wadud is an Islamic scholar, feminist, and professor at Virginia Commonwealth University. Dr. Wadud is the author of "Qur'an and Women: Rereading the Sacred Text from a Woman's Perspective," the first interpretive reading of the Qur'an by a woman. Dr. Wadud says that the Prophet Muhammad approved the practice of women leading mixed-gender prayer.] [See BBC World News article.] [Since 3/18/2005, other women have served as imams for mixed-gender congregations.]
* 3/19 eve to 3/20 eve: Mawlid al-Nabi--Day commemorating the birth of Muslim Prophet Muhammad (570). He conceived Deity to be a compassionate, genderless unity. [While many Sufis consider Allah to be gender-inclusive, and some Muslims of all denominations consider Allah to be gender-neutral, most Muslims consider Allah to be exclusively male.] [a/k/a Mawlid an-Nabi, Milad-un-Nabi, Miladun-Nabi] [Rabi' al-Awwal 12]
* 3/20: Vigil for peace, justice, and respect for the human rights of all in Iraq. [About the invasion of Iraq] [For information the human rights situation in Iraq, see Human Rights Watch report: Iraq.]
* 3/23: Day the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community was founded by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (1889). Ahmadi Muslims preach love for all, hatred for none. [See the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community website.]
* 3/26: Day production and use of biological weapons was outlawed world-wide (1975); day to mourn their victims. [Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction a/k/a Biological Weapons Convention: signed 4/10/1972; entered into force 3/26/1975.] [Text of Convention] [Iran and Egypt are believed to currently possess biological weapons in spite of the Treaty's prohibition. Syria and Libya are believed to currently have biological weapons research programs in spite of the Treaty's prohibition. Iran and Libya have ratified the Treaty; Egypt and Syria have not. On 4/16/2003, Syria proposed making the Middle East a region free of all weapons of mass destruction.] [In the name of Allah, and for love of Allah, Muslims should renounce the production, acquisition, and use of biological weapons, and should demand destruction of all existing weapons.] [For more information, see U.N. Disarmament of Weapons of Mass Destruction website; Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention website; Sipri Chemical and Biological Weapons Project: Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention Mainpage; Chemical and Biological Weapons Nonproliferation Project website; Monterey Institute of International Studies Chemical and Biological Weapons Resource Page; Federation of American Scientists (F.A.S.) Chemical and Biological Arms Control Program website.]
* 4/7: World Health Day--Day to pray for healing of all those chronically and seriously ill; day to advocate for adequate health care for all. [Day the World Health Organization (W.H.O.) was founded in 1948.] [For information on World Health Day, see World Health Organization website; UN Dag Hammarskjold Library website.] [For information on the World Health Organization, see World Health Organization website.]
* 4/12: Day Saudi Arabia's top Islamic authority condemned forced marriage as un-Islamic and banned the practice (2005). [Grand Mufti Sheikh Abdul Aziz al-Sheikh, who heads the Council of Senior Ulema (Scholars), said forced marriage is against Islamic law and those responsible for it should be jailed. He said: "Forcing a woman to marry someone she does not want and preventing her from wedding that whom she chooses...is not permissible" under Islamic law. "Anyone who insists on forcing a woman...to marry against her will is disobeying God and His Prophet (Muhammad)."] [See Middle East Online website.]
* 4/16 eve to 4/17 eve: Day commemorating the death of Abdul Qadir Jilani (1166), Sufi saint who was renown for his compassion, particularly for the poor. [Jilani (Gilani) lived in Iraq, was founder of the Qadiri order, and was known as Ghauth al-'Azam, the "Great Helper". On this day annually, members of his order recite the Qur'an and distribute food to pilgrims and the poor in his honor. According to the Qadiris, he was 'born of love, lived in a perfect way, and died having achieved the perfection of love."] [a/k/a Abdul Qadir Jilani Urs] [Rabi' al-Thani 11] [Born 1077; birth celebrated on Sha'ban 30 or Ramadan 1] [See articles on Abdul Qadir Jilani.]
* 4/22: Earth Day--Day to honor the Earth and to meditate on Deity manifesting as Mother Earth. [a/k/a International Earth Day, National Earth Day] [For information about Earth Day activities, see Earthday Network website; Envirolink website; U.S. government website for Earth Day; U.S. E.P.A. website for Earth Day.]
* 4/22: Day the world's nations guaranteed asylum to those persecuted in their homelands on account of their ethnicity, religion, nationality, political opinion, or membership in a particular social group (1954). [Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees: signed 7/28/1951; entered into force 4/22/1954.] [Text of Convention] [For more information, see United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (U.N.H.C.R.) website; Human Rights Watch website.]
* 4/29: Day production and use of chemical weapons was outlawed world-wide (1997); day to mourn their victims. [Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons a/k/a Chemical Weapons Convention: signed 1/13/1993; entered into force 4/29/1997.] [Text of Convention] [Iran, Libya, Syria, Egypt, Pakistan, and Ethiopia are believed to currently possess chemical weapons in spite of the Treaty's prohibition. Iraq's Saddam Hussein used chemical weapons on Kurdish Iraqis and Iranian soldiers. Iran, Pakistan, and Ethiopia have ratified the Treaty; Iraq, Libya, Syria, and Egypt have not. On 4/16/2003, Syria proposed making the Middle East a region free of all weapons of mass destruction.] [In the name of Allah, and for love of Allah, Muslims should renounce the production, acquisition, and use of chemical weapons, and should demand destruction of all existing weapons.] [For more information, see U.N. Disarmament of Weapons of Mass Destruction website; Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (O.P.C.W.) webpage; Sipri Chemical and Biological Weapons Project: Chemical Weapons Convention Mainpage; Chemical and Biological Weapons Nonproliferation Project website; Monterey Institute of International Studies Chemical and Biological Weapons Resource Page; Federation of American Scientists (F.A.S.) Chemical and Biological Arms Control Program website.] [a/k/a Day of Remembrance for All Victims of Chemical Warfare] [See U.N. website on Chemical Warfare Victims Remembrance Day.]
* 5/1: National Day of Prayer--Day to pray for freedom of expression, freedom of religion, and separation of religion and government throughout the world. [Freedom of expression, freedom of religion, and separation of religion and government is guaranteed by the U.S. Constitution's First Amendment. For text and information on the First Amendment, see Cornell University's Legal Information Institute website; First Amendment Online website and 1st Amendment.com website. For domestic organizations that advocate for freedom of religion, see Americans United for Separation of Church and State website and American Civil Liberty Union website. For information on religious freedom in countries around the world, see U.S. State Department's International Religious Freedom Report; Human Rights Watch website; Oslo Coalition on Freedom of Religion or Belief website.]
* 5/3 eve to 5/4 eve: Celebration day for Muhyi ad-Din Ibn El-Arabi (d. 1240), Sufi saint who honored Deity as a unity manifested in all Nature, both genders, and countless forms. He theorized about divine immanence ("Allah is Nature, and Nature Allah"), divine transcendence ("Allah is above Nature, which Allah created"), and the unity of being. [El-Arabi lived in Spain and wrote "Bezels of Wisdom" and "Meccan Revelations".] [a/k/a Muhyi ad-Din Ibn El-Arabi Wissal] [Rabi' al-thani 28] [Birthday & death day unknown.] [See article on Muhyi ad-Din Ibn El-Arabi.] [For scholarly discussions of the obligation to preserve the environment in Islam, see Towards an Islamic Jurisprudence of the Environment by Prof. Mustafa Abu-Sway; Islam and Ecology: A Bestowed Trust Inviting Balanced Stewardship by Prof. Frederick M. Denny; Ecology, Environment, and Islam by Islam From Inside; Islam and Ecology by Marjorie Hope and James Young; and Islam and the Environment by Gar Smith. See also Islamic Foundation for Ecology and Environmental Sciences, an organization that advocates for environmental healing.]
* 6/8: Death day of Prophet Muhammad (632), mystical Father of Islam. [Death commemorated on Safar 28.] [Born 570: exact date unknown]
* 6/17: Day a fatwa condemned "honor killings" as un-Islamic and banned the practice (2002). [An "honor killing" is the killing of a woman by her relatives because she has been raped, is suspected of sexual activity outside of marriage, is pursuing unauthorized courtship, has refused an arranged marriage, or is seeking a divorce.] [Sheikh Atiyyah Saqr, former head of the al-Azhar University Fatwa Committee said "Islam strictly prohibits murder and killing without legal justification. Allah, Most High, says, 'Whoso slayeth a believer of set purpose, his reward is Hell for ever. Allah is wroth against him and He hath cursed him and prepared for him an awful doom.' (An-Nisa': 93) The so-called 'honor killing' is based on ignorance and disregard of morals and laws, which cannot be abolished except by disciplinary punishments...[P]eople are not entitled to take the law in their own hands, for it's the responsibility of the Muslim State and its concerned bodies to maintain peace, security, etc., and to prevent chaos and disorder from creeping into the Muslim society."] [Islamic fatwa condemning "honor killings" as un-Islamic (6/17/2002)] [For more information about "honor killings" see Islamic Research Foundation International (IRFI) article; United Nations Report on Honor Killings]
* 6/17: Day Pakistan disenfranchised Ahmadi Muslims by requiring them to declare themselves to be non-Muslim in order to vote (2002). Vigil for the end of persecution of Ahmadis by other Muslims and for religious tolerance of all Muslims by all Muslims. [Some Muslims consider Ahmadis to be heretics. Ahmadis are persecuted in Pakistan, Egypt, and Indonesia; they are harassed in Bangladesh and Malaysia. See Ahmadi website documenting their mistreatment and website about Pakistani anti-Ahmadi legislation.][Articles 2 and 18 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Text of Declaration) and Articles 2 and 18 of the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (Text of Covenant) guarantee freedom of religion (and freedom from coercion that would impair freedom of religion) and prohibit discrimination on account of religion.]
* 6/30: Vigil for peace, democracy, religious freedom, ethnic equality, and the end of slavery and genocide in Sudan. [About the Darfur crisis] [For more information, see CNN website; Global Security website; Human Rights Watch report: Sudan; U.S. State Department International Religious Freedom Report for 2007: Sudan.]
* 7/1: Day the world's nations committed to stop proliferation of nuclear weapons (1968); vigil to protest the production and use of all nuclear weapons world-wide. [Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons: signed 7/1/1968; entered into force 3/5/1970.] [Text of Convention] [The U.S. used 2 atomic bombs on Japan in 8/1945: over 270,000 civilians died from the bombs and radiation. The U.S. and other parties have failed to destroy their nuclear weapons in spite of the Treaty's requirement that they work towards disarmament. Pakistan has developed nuclear weapons in spite of the Treaty's prohibition, and Iran is believed to be attempting to do so. Pakistan has not ratified the Treaty; Iran has ratified the Treaty. 9 countries are known to currently possess nuclear weapons. On 4/16/2003, Syria proposed making the Middle East a region free of all weapons of mass destruction.] [In the name of Allah, and for love of Allah, Muslims should renounce the production, acquisition, and use of nuclear weapons, and should demand destruction of all existing weapons.] [For more information, see U.N. Disarmament of Weapons of Mass Destruction website; International Atomic Energy Agency (I.A.E.A.) website. See Federation of American Scientists (F.A.S.) nuke guide for information on Pakistan's nukes; Iran's nukes]
* 7/1: Day endangered species became internationally protected (1975); day to celebrate all the world's creatures. [Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora: signed/adopted 3/3/1973; entered into force 7/1/1975.] [Text of Convention] [For more information, see U.N. Environmental Programme CITES website; World Wildlife Fund website; EarthJustice website.]
* 7/3 eve to 7/4 eve: Remembrance day for Sufi saint Haji Bektash (d. 1337). He initiated women into his order equally with men and advocated gender equality in Islamic society. [Rajab 1] [Birthday & death day unknown] [The Bektashi order is also open to all ethnicities, nationalities, and classes. See Bektashi Sufi Order website. The Qur'an says: "All are equal, regardless of gender or ethnicity; nobility is shown by conduct alone." See Qur'an Surah 49 Vs. 13. ]
* 7/11: Day Srebrenica, Bosnia, fell to attacking Serbs (1995), beginning a massacre of thousands of civilians because of their ethnicity and religion; vigil for true peace, justice, religious tolerance, and respect for the human rights of all in the Balkans. [Though it was declared a U.N. "safe haven," Srebrenica, Bosnia, was attacked and fell to Orthodox Christian Serb aggressors on 7/11/1995. 8,000-15,000 civilian Muslim Slavs were killed there from 7/12-7/17/1995 because of their ethnicity and religion. On 8/2/2001, Bosnian Serb General Radislav Krstic was convicted of genocide for his part in the massacre.] [For more information, see Report of the Secretary General Pursuant to General Assembly Resolution 53/35 (1998); Human Rights Watch report: Serbia-Montenegro; Human Rights Watch report: Bosnia-Herzegovina; Human Rights Watch report: Croatia; U.S. State Department International Religious Freedom Report for 2007: Serbia; U.S. State Department International Religious Freedom Report for 2007: Montenegro; U.S. State Department International Religious Freedom Report for 2007: Bosnia-Herzegovina; U.S. State Department International Religious Freedom Report for 2007: Croatia.] [While some Orthodox Christians participated in this massacre, most Christians then and now were horrified by it. It is immoral to hold all Christians responsible for the acts of a few.]
* 7/29 eve: Laylat al-Mi'raj--Commemorates the night journey of Muslim Prophet Muhammad to heaven. [a/k/a Lailatul-Miraj, Isra Miraj, Miraj al-Nabi, Israa', Me'raj] [night following Rajab 26]
* 8/15: Day India was partitioned into India and Pakistan, and Kashmir joined India over Pakistan's objection (1947); vigil for true peace, justice, and religious tolerance for all in South Asia. [About the Indo-Pakistani conflict] [For information on the nuclear problem, see Federation of American Scientists (FAS) website: Indo-Pakistani Conflict; India's nukes; Pakistan's nukes. For information on the history of the conflict, see Jammu & Kashmir : The Complete Knowledge Base. For information on human rights, see Human Rights Watch report: India; Human Rights Watch report: Pakistan; U.S. State Department International Religious Freedom Report for 2007: India; U.S. State Department International Religious Freedom Report for 2007: Pakistan.]
* 8/15 eve: Nisfu Sha'ban--Muslim night of repentance for all harm done. [The following day, Allah determines the fate of all for the coming year.] [For views on attaining inner peace and world peace through Islam, see Islam and World Peace - Explanations of a Sufi by M. R. Bawa Muhaiyaddeen and The Quran and World Peace by Dr. Israr Ahmad. See also Muslim Peace Fellowship, an organization that advocates use of non-violent means to attain justice and positive social transformation.] [a/k/a Nisf Sha'ban, Lailatul-Bara'at, Lailutul-Bara'at] [night following Sha'ban 14]
* 8/17: Vigil for peace, justice, religious tolerance, and respect for the human rights of all in Indonesia. [Since 1/1/1999, due to forced conversions to Islam and destruction of Christian churches, there has been interreligious violence between Muslims and Christians in Indonesia.] [Indonesia Independence Day is 8/17.][Articles 2 and 18 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Text of Declaration) and Articles 2 and 18 of the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (Text of Covenant) guarantee freedom of religion and prohibit discrimination on account of religion.] [For more information, see Human Rights Watch report: Indonesia; U.S. State Department International Religious Freedom Report for 2007: Indonesia.]
* 8/25: Day to mourn the Iraqi attacks on civilian Kurds because of their ethnicity (1988); vigil for justice and respect for the human rights of the Kurdish people. [On 8/25/1988, Saddam Hussein's Iraqi government began the fourth Anfal campaign against the Kurds in Northern Iraq using chemical weapons. The first attack occurred on 3/16/1988. 60,000-100,000 Kurds were killed during these campaigns.] [See Human Rights Watch report: Genocide in Iraq.]
* 8/28: Opening of the Second World Parliament of Religions (1993), attended by members of all the world's religions. A Global Ethic was adopted that condemns hatred, aggression, oppression, and environmental abuses committed in the name of religion. [Text of Global Ethic] [See also website for the Parliament of the World's Religions.]
* 8/31 eve to 9/30 eve: Ramadan--Muslim month of purification by self-reflection, fasting from sunrise to sunset, peace-making, and helping those in need. The Five Pillars of Islam are confession, prayer, alms-giving, fasting, and pilgrimage. [Muslims refrain from eating, drinking, smoking, and sex. A communal banquet (iftar) is shared each night after sunset. The entire Qur'an is read or recited during Ramadan.] [The ill, the elderly, the young, pregnant women, nursing women, and menstruating women are exempt from the fast.] [Ramadan Truce (through Eid al-Fitr): Time to cease all forms of conflict (at least temporarily), extend a greeting to your adversary, and share an iftar for peace.]
* 9/3: Day gender discrimination was outlawed world-wide (1981); day to mourn all manifestations of sexism. [Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women: adopted by U.N. General Assembly 12/18/1979; signed 3/1/1980; entered into force 9/3/1981.] [Text of Convention] [For more information, see WomenWatch: United Nations Division for the Advancement of Women website; Feminist Majority Foundation website; Human Rights Watch website.] [Article 2 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Text of Declaration) and Article 2 of the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (Text of Covenant) also prohibit discrimination on account of gender.]
* 9/9 eve to 9/10 eve: Remembrance day for Khadijah bint Khuwaylid (d. 619 or 623), Mother of Islam: first convert to Islam, partner of Prophet Muhammad in monogamous marriage, mother of Fatimah, and liberated businesswoman. [The Prophet Muhammad did not take a second wife during Khadijah's lifetime. She was known for her financial support of Islam and for her generosity to the poor.] [a/k/a Khadijah al-Kubra (the Great)] [Ramadan 10] [Born in 555, 564, or 565. Some sources say she died on the 10th or 11th day of Ramadan.] [See article on Khadijah.]
* 9/11: Day terrorists killed over 3,000 innocent civilians of many ethnicities and religions from 86 nations (2001); day to mourn all victims of terrorism. [Al-Qaeda terrorists, using passenger planes, struck the World Trade Center (in New York, N.Y.) and the Pentagon (outside Washington, D.C.). Because passengers on a fourth plane resisted, to prevent it from being used as a weapon, it was crashed near Shanksville, P.A.] [See BBC Analysis: "September 11 in Context".] [For statements by Muslims around the world condemning the terrorist attacks of 9/11/2001 as horrific and un-Islamic, see Islamic Statements Against Terrorism and Muslims Condemn Terrorist Attacks.] [Al-Qaeda terrorists have struck other target. See list of Al-Qaeda's terrorist attacks.] [Fatwas (religious edicts) condemning terrorism have been issued by Muslim clerics. Saudi Arabia's leading Islamic authority (the Permanent Committee of Religious Research and Ifta) issued a fatwa against terrorism on 6/7/2004, contending that terrorism is forbidden under Islam and constitutes a severe form of injustice. The Spanish Islamic Commission issued a fatwa condemning terrorism on 3/11/2005, and called Osama bin Laden an apostate. Britain's Sunni Council issued a fatwa against terrorism on 7/17/2005, indicating that killing others is a sin and that suicide bombers will go to hell. The British Muslim Forum issued a fatwa condemning terrorism on 7/18/2005, indicating that terrorist acts are contrary to Islam. The Fiqh Council of North America issued a fatwa against terrorism on 7/28/2005, indicating that all terrorist acts targeting civilians are forbidden in Islam. The Fatwa Bank has also posted a fatwa condemning all terrorism, indicating that Islam doesn't permit aggression, violence, injustice, or oppression.] [For international efforts against terrorism (which constitutes a crime against humanity), see UN Action Against Terrorism.] [For incidents in which governments have used the fight against terrorism as an excuse to suppress civil liberties, see Human Rights Watch website.] [While some Muslims commit terrorist acts, most Muslims do not; and most Muslims do not authorize or approve of the terrorist acts committed. While it is appropriate to hold accountable the individuals, organizations, and governments that commit or fund the terrorists acts, it is immoral to blame all Muslims for the acts of a few.]
* 9/13: Day Israelis and Palestinians committed to peaceful coexistence (1993); vigil for true peace, justice, religious tolerance, and equal rights for all in the Middle East. [Declaration of Principles was signed by Israel & the P.L.O. on 9/13/1993.] [The History of the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict]
* 9/15: International Day of Democracy--Day to celebrate democratic systems of government throughout the world, bound by rule of law, principles of human rights, and civilian control. Day to affirm democracy's compatibility with all peoples, all cultures, and all religions. [In a democracy, both military and police are subject to rule of law and subordinate to civilian government. The military exists to protect the lawful civilian government and civilians; the police exists to enforce the law and protect people from criminals.] [See U.N. website on Democracy Day.]
* 9/21: International Day of Peace--Day to demonstrate for peace with justice throughout the world. [Peace can be realized where there is recognition of sovereignty/autonomy, compliance with just law, respectful behavior, responsible sharing of resources, cooperation to attain common goals, and reasonable compromise to enable all to meet lawful goals.] [a/k/a U.N. International Day of Peace] [For more information on the International Day of Peace, see International Day of Peace website; International Day of Peace Vigil website.]
* 9/23: Vigil for freedom of religion in Saudi Arabia. [Sunni Islam is the official religion. Members of other Muslim sects and non-Muslim religions cannot publicly practice their religions; private worship is also subject to punishment. While many countries have official religions, most allow minority religions some rights and freedoms.] [Saudi Arabia's National Day is 9/23.] [Articles 2 and 18 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Text of Declaration) and Articles 2 and 18 of the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (Text of Covenant) guarantee freedom of religion and prohibit discrimination on account of religion.] [See U.S. State Department International Religious Freedom Report for 2007: Saudi Arabia.]
* 9/26 eve: Laylat al-Qadr/Night of Power--Commemorates the first revelation of the Qur'an to Muslim Prophet Muhammad by the Angel Gabriel in 610 CE. The Qur'an says: "Let there be no compulsion of religion." [See Qur'an Surah 2 Vs. 256. For scholarly discussions of freedom of religion in Islam, see Freedom of Religion and Belief in Islam by Mohsen Kadivar and Freedom of Religion in Islam by Brig. Gen. (Retd.) Syed Ashrafuzzaman. But see U.S. State Department International Religious Freedom Report for 2007: Saudi Arabia (Saudi Arabia is the center of Sunni Islam); and U.S. State Department International Religious Freedom Report for 2007: Iran (Iran is the center of Shi'a Islam).] [a/k/a Lailatul-Qadr] [night following Ramadan 26]
* 9/30: Birthday of Jalal ad-Din Rumi (1207), Sufi saint and poet. He believed the soul to be one with Deity, and thought ecstatic experience of Deity could be attained with music, whirling dance, and chanting Deity's holy names. [Rumi was born in Afghanistan, but later lived in Turkey, where he founded the Mevlevi Order, known as the "Whirling Dervishes".] [Death day 12/17/1273] [Wissal on Jumada al-thani 5.] [See article on Jalal ad-Din Rumi.]
* 9/30 eve to 10/3 eve: Eid al-Fitr--Muslim festival celebrating the end of Ramadan. [Muslims break the fast with sweets and celebrate with large meals. Special prayers are recited and offerings are made to help the needy. Muslims ask for Allah's forgiveness, peace, and blessings for all living beings around the world; they also extend forgiveness to those who have harmed them. Muslims exchange greetings, visit one another, and give gifts to children.] [a/k/a Eid-al-Fitr, Id al-Fitr, Eidul-Fitr] [Shawwal 1-3]
* 10/2: Birthday of Mahatma Mohandas Gandhi (1869), Hindu advocate for human rights and self-reliance, who practiced active non-violent resistance to injustice. [Gandhi envisioned a world where women and untouchables would be empowered and respected. Gandhi envisioned a world where members of all faiths (including Hindus, Muslims, and Christians) would live harmoniously together. ] [Death day 1/30/1948] [a/k/a Gandhi Jayanti]
* 10/18: Day the Clean Water Act was enacted (1972); day to give thanks for the water we drink. [Pub. L. 92-500, 86 Stat. 896, 33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.] [Text of statute] [See also EarthJustice website.]
* 11/6: Day a Muslim woman first defied a ban on women entering the mosque by the front door and praying in the main hall (2003). [In the Morgantown, West Virginia, mosque, as in many mosques in the United States and elsewhere, women are required to enter by a back door and pray in a separate room. Asra Nomani, the author of "Standing Alone in Mecca", has begun a movement to desegregate mosques throughout the United States.] [See Charleston Gazette article.] [For scholarly discussions of gender equality in Islam, see Members, One of Another: Gender Equality & Justice in Islam by Riffat Hassan and Gender Equity in Islam by Jamal Badawi Ph.D. For an examination of the feminist movement in Islam, see "Inside the Gender Jihad: Womens Reform in Islam" by Amina Wadud.]
* 11/7: World Community Day--Day for celebrating the unity behind diversity and remembering we are all one people - all children of the one universal Deity of many names and aspects.
* 11/16: Tolerance Day--Day to promote harmony in diversity through mutual respect and understanding of all, regardless of gender, sexual orientation, ethnicity, religion, culture, language, nationality, or economic status. [Despite international and domestic laws providing for equal rights, freedoms, and protections, members of minority groups are still harassed and discriminated against because of societal intolerance arising from fear and ignorance.] [Intolerance often results from projection of "collective guilt": it is immoral to blame an entire group for the acts of a member unless the entire group empowered the member who acted or endorsed the acts.] [See U.N. website on International Day for Tolerance; Wikipedia article on Declaration of Principles on Tolerance.] [a/k/a International Day for Tolerance]
* 11/20: Fast for an Abundant World Harvest--Day to fast and commit to action to help prevent deaths from malnourishment world-wide. [a/k/a Fast for a World Harvest] [For more information, see the Oxfam America website.]
* 11/27: Thanksgiving Day--Day to give thanks for the abundance of our land and for our food, clothes, shelter, and health.
* 11/28 eve to 12/28 eve: Dhu al-Hijjah--Muslim month of pilgrimage (the Hajj) to honor Allah, the one genderless universal Deity, at the shrine of the holy Kaaba Stone in Mecca. [Mecca was also the site of the Old Arabic shrine to God Al-Lah and his daughters, Goddesses Al-Lat, Al-'Uzza, and Manat. See Qur'an Surah 53, Vs. 19-20. See also summaries of scholarship on the "Daughters of Allah" from the Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement, from Wikipedia, from Sam Shamoun, and from Margi B. ] [a/k/a Zul-Hijjah]
* 11/29: International Day of Solidarity with the Palestinian People--Vigil for recognition of the state of Palestine, for recognition of all human rights of all its citizens (whether Muslim, Jewish, or Christian), and for peaceful coexistence with the state of Israel. [See U.N. website on Solidarity with the Palestinian People Day.]
* 12/1: World AIDS Day--Day to pray for healing of all those suffering with AIDS and HIV. [For information on World AIDS Day, see World AIDS Day website. For information about the global fight against AIDS, see UNAIDS website.] [For information on HIV/AIDS and Human Rights, see Human Rights Watch website.]
* 12/4 eve to 12/10 eve: Hajj--Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca to honor Allah. [Pilgrims begin the Hajj by bathing, and men dress in special white clothing. On the first day, pilgrims walk/run 7 times counter-clockwise around the Kaaba and kiss the stone. With each circuit, pilgrims say: "In the name of Allah, Allah is Great, Allah is Great, Allah is Great, and praise be to Allah." Following completion of the 7 circuits, pilgrims pray in the mosque. Pilgrims then walk/run between the hills of Safa and Marwa, reciting prayers, and drink water from the sacred Zamzam well. (This area is now fully enclosed within a mosque.) On the second day, pilgrims go to Mina and pray, camping overnight. The third day, pilgrims go to the plain of Mt. Arafat, keep vigil, pray for forgiveness of transgressions and for strength, and recite the Qur'an near where Prophet Muhammad gave his last sermon. At sunset, pilgrims go to Muzdalifah to pray and sleep under the open sky. On the fourth day, pilgrims return to Mina to throw stones at pillars that represent the devil. Following this, pilgrims slaughter an animal in sacrifice (or have it done for them). The meat of the sacrificed animal is packaged and given to those in need around the world. Pilgrims' hair is then ritually shaved/cut. The fifth day, pilgrims return to Mecca and perform another circuit around the Kaaba. Pilgrims then return to Mina, to again throw stones at the pillars, remaining there for the sixth and seventh days. Pilgrims then return to Mecca, where they perform a final circuit around the Kaaba. After this, pilgrims again drink water from Zamzam well, kiss the threshold of the door of the Kaaba, and pray for forgiveness. Pilgrims leave the Kaaba walking backwards. Some pilgrims then travel to Medina and visit the tomb of Prophet Muhammad.] [Hajj-Eid al-Adha Truce: Time to cease all forms of conflict (at least temporarily), extend a greeting to your adversary, and share a meal for peace.] [a/k/a Al-Mukarinah, Al-Ihram, Umrat al-tammatu, Tawaf, Istlam, Sai, Yaum-al-Arafah, Day of Arafaat, Al-Wukuf, Rami al-Jimar, Stoning of the Devil, Eid al-Adha, Tawaf al-Ifadah, Tawaf al-Wida] [Dhu al-Hijjah 7-13]
* 12/6: Day the Babri Mosque was destroyed by a Hindu mob in Ayodhya, India (1992); day to mourn willful destruction of any place of worship. Places of worship of all religions should be respected by all. [Prior to its construction in 1528, the mosque had been a Hindu temple that marked the birthplace of the God Rama. That temple had been destroyed by Babur as part of his effort to conquer and Islamize the area. 2000 Hindu temples were allegedly destroyed by him.]
* 12/7 eve to 12/10 eve: Eid al-Adha--Muslim festival of sacrifice to Allah for the good of all. [An animal is sacrificed. A portion is kept and eaten; a second portion is given to relatives, friends, and neighbors; and a third portion is given to the needy. Special prayers are recited throughout the festival. Muslims exchange greetings, visit one another, and give gifts to children.] [a/k/a Eid-al-Adha, Id al-Adha, Eidul-Adha] [Dhu al-Hijjah 10-13]
* 12/8: Death day of Abu Hamid al-Ghazali (1111), Sufi saint who taught about unity of the soul with the one universal Deity of 99 names and attributes. [al-Ghazali lived in Syria and wrote "Revival of Religious Sciences" and "Alchemy of Happiness".] [Urs celebrated on Jumada al-thani 14.] [Born 1058: exact date unknown]
* 12/10: Day the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted, and fundamental rights were recognized world-wide (1948). [The U.N. General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (U.D.H.R.) in Resolution 217 A(III). See Text of Declaration. For more information on the history of the U.D.H.R., see Franklin & Eleanor Roosevelt Institute website. The U.D.H.R. is generally recognized as binding customary international law. In 1966, the concepts of the U.D.H.R. were expanded and drafted into two binding international treaties with enforcement mechanisms. The Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (Text of Covenant) is enforced by the Human Rights Committee (see Human Rights Committee website; University of Minnesota Human Rights Library website) and the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (see Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights website; Human Rights Watch website). The Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (Text of Covenant) is enforced by the Committee on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (see Committee on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights website).] [a/k/a International Human Rights Day]
* 12/15: Day the Bill of Rights became part of the U.S. Constitution, guaranteeing fundamental rights to all (1791). [Text of Bill of Rights] [For more information about the Bill of Rights and the U.S. Constitution, see U.S. National Archives & Records Administration website and the Bill of Rights Institute website. For information on organizations that advocate for enforcement of rights and liberties in the Bill of Rights, see Center for Constitutional Rights website; American Civil Liberties Union website.] [a/k/a Bill of Rights Day]
* 12/17: Death day of Jalal ad-Din Rumi (1273), Sufi saint who believed all people to be part of Deity and, consequently, believed all should be respected. [Members of his Mevlevi order whirl in his remembrance on this night annually.] [Birthday 9/30/1207] [Wissal on Jumada al-thani 5.] [See article on Jalal ad-Din Rumi.]
* 12/17: Day the Clean Air Act was enacted (1963); day to give thanks for the air we breathe. [Pub. L. 88-206, 77 Stat. 392, 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.] [Text of statute] [See also EarthJustice website.]
* 12/26: Day to mourn all those killed in the Asian tsunami (2004) and to aid those who survived.
* 12/28: Day the Endangered Species Act was enacted (1973); day to mourn those creatures already extinct. [Pub. L. 93-205, 87 Stat. 884, 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.] [Text of statute] [See also EarthJustice website.]
* 12/28: Day an Islamic court ruled female genital mutilation to be un-Islamic and banned the practice (1997). [The State Council, Egypt's highest administrative court, also ruled that FGM is illegal unless medically necessary. See BBC News article.]
* 12/28 eve to 1/7 eve: Muharram/Muslim New Year (Year 1430) & A'ashurah. The Qur'an says: "O mankind! Lo! We have created you male and female, and have made you nations and tribes that ye may know one another. Lo! the noblest of you, in the sight of Allah, is the best in conduct." [See Qur'an Surah 49 Vs. 13. And see the Universal Islamic Declaration of Human Rights. For scholarly discussions of human rights in Islam, see Religious Human Rights in the Qur'an by Riffat Hassan and Human Rights in Islam by 'Allamah Abu al-'A'la Mawdudi. See also the Islamic Human Rights Commission, an organization that advocates for justice for all. But see Human Rights Watch report: Saudi Arabia (Saudi Arabia is the center of Sunni Islam) and Human Rights Watch report: Iran (Iran is the center of Shi'a Islam).] [a/k/a Islamic New Year] [Muharram 1-10]
[The Muslim religion (Islam) is a universal religion founded in Saudi Arabia by the Prophet Muhammad, following the first revelation of the Qur'an (Koran) to him by the Angel Gabriel in 610. The Muslim holy scripture is the Qur'an. Muslim holy tradition is also reflected in the Hadith and the Sunnah, which recount the sayings and conduct of the Prophet Muhammad. The Muslim creed is: "There is no god but God (Allah), and Muhammad is the Messenger of God (Allah)." Muslims recognize the one Deity to have a multitude of names and attributes. They pray 5 times daily facing Mecca. Muslims also attend Mosques for Jum'ah prayer, Qur'anic readings, and Qur'anic interpretation on Fridays. Muslim denominations include the Sunni, the Shi'a, the Ahmadiyya (Ahmadi), and the Sufi. The main difference between the Sunnis and the Shi'ites relate to the recognition of different successors to the Prophet Muhammad. The Ahmadiyya Muslim Jamaat (now the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community and the Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement for the Propagation of Islam) was founded in 1889 by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad. Sufism (Tasawwuf) is the mysticism of Islam. Sufis practice Dhikr, the invocation of Allah by repeating Allah's 99 names and attributes.]
[The Muslim calendar (Islamic calendar or Sufi calendar) year is a lunar year, not grounded in the solar year. The Islamic year and Islamic months begin at the first sighting of the New Moon. Islamic days begin and end at sundown. In calculating the beginning of the year, the months, and the holidays, some Muslims use the first sighting of the New Moon at their own location. Other Muslims use the first sighting of the New Moon in Saudi Arabia; still others use the first sighting of the New Moon anywhere on Earth. The dates in this calendar are calculated by the Fiqh Council of North America. They now use the global means of calculating visibility. Dates based on actual sighting in North America or in Saudi Arabia may differ from these dates.]
[The Muslim holidays (Islamic holidays or Sufi holidays) in this Muslim calendar include holidays observed by all Muslim denominations, some holidays and events not universally observed, as well as dates commemorating the lives and teachings of Sufi mystics.]
[Please note: Because this calendar is a multifaith calendar, the term "God" is used only when referring to a male Deity. The term "Deity" is used to refer to a gender-neutral Deity or a Deity that encompasses both male and female characteristics.]
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
The 99 Names and Attributes of Allah:
(1) Ar-Rehman (The Compassionate One, The Beneficent)
(2) Ar-Rahim (The Merciful)
(3) Al-Malik (The Sovereign)
(4) Al-Quddus (The Holy One)
(5) As-Salaam (The Source of Peace)
(6) Al-Mu'min (The Guardian of Faith)
(7) Al-Muhaymin (The Protector)
(8) Al-'Aziz (The Mighty, The Strong)
(9) Al-Jabbar (The Compeller)
(10) Al-Mutakabbir (The Majestic One)
(11) Al-Khaaliq (The Creator)
(12) Al-Bari' (The Evolver)
(13) Al-Musawwir (The Fashioner)
(14) Al-Ghaffar (The Forgiver)
(15) Al-Qahhar (The Subduer)
(16) Al-Wahhab (The Bestower)
(17) Ar-Razzaaq (The Sustainer, The Provider)
(18) Al-Fattah (The Opener, The Reliever)
(19) Al-'Alim (The All-Knowing)
(20) Al-Qaabid (The Constrictor, the Withholder)
(21) Al-Basit (The Expander, the Enlarger)
(22) Al-Khafid (The Abaser)
(23) Ar-Rafi' (The Exalter)
(24) Al-Mu'izz (The One Who Honors)
(25) Al-Muzill (The One Who Humbles)
(26) As-Sami' (The All-Hearing One)
(27) Al-Basir (The All-Seeing One)
(28) Al-Hakam (The Judge)
(29) Al-'Adl (The Just)
(30) Al-Latif (The Subtle One)
(31) Al-Khabir (The Aware)
(32) Al-Halim (The Forebearing One)
(33) Al-'Azim (The Great One)
(34) Al-Ghafur (The All-Forgiving One)
(35) Ash-Shakur (The Grateful One)
(36) Al-'Ali (The Most High)
(37) Al-Kabir (The Most Great)
(38) Al-Hafiz (The Preserver, The Protector)
(39) Al-Muqit (The Maintainer, The Guardian)
(40) Al-Hasib (The Reckoner)
(41) Al-Jalil (The Beautiful, The Sublime)
(42) Al-Karim (The Generous One)
(43) Ar-Raqib (The Watcher)
(44) Al-Mujib (The Responsive One)
(45) Al-Wasi' (The Vast, The All-Embracing One)
(46) Al-Hakim (The Wise, The Judge of Judges)
(47) Al-Wadud (The Loving One)
(48) Al-Majid (The Glorious One)
(49) Al-Ba'ith (The Resurrector)
(50) Ash-Shahid (The Witness)
(51) Al-Haqq (The Truth)
(52) Al-Wakil (The Trustee)
(53) Al-Qawi (The Most Strong)
(54) Al-Matin (The Firm One)
(55) Al-Wali (The Protecting Friend, The Supporter)
(56) Al-Hamid (The Praised One)
(57) Al-Muhsi (The Reckoner)
(58) Al-Mubdi' (The Originator)
(59) Al-Mu'id (The Restorer of Life)
(60) Al-Muhyi (The Giver of Life)
(61) Al-Mumit (The Destroyer of Life)
(62) Al Hayy (The Living One)
(63) Al-Qayyum (The Self-Subsisting One)
(64) Al-Wajid (The Perceiver)
(65) Al-Majid (The Glorious)
(66) Al-Wahid (The Unique)
(67) Al-Ahad (The One)
(68) As-Samad (The Eternal)
(69) Al-Qadir (The Able One)
(70) Al-Muqtadir (The Giver of Power)
(71) Al-Muqaddim (The Expediter)
(72) Al-Muta'akhkhir (The Delayer)
(73) Al-Awwal (The First)
(74) Al-Akhir (The Last)
(75) Az-Zahir (The Manifest)
(76) Al-Batin (The Hidden)
(77) Al-Wali (The Governor)
(78) Al-Muta'ali (The Most Exalted One)
(79) Al-Barr (The Source of All Goodness)
(80) At-Tawwab (The Accepter of Repentance)
(81) Al-Muntaqim (The Avenger)
(82) Al-Afuww (The Pardoner)
(83) Ar-Ra'uf (The Indulgent)
(84) Malik ul-Mulk (Eternal Owner of Sovereignty)
(85) Dhu'l Jalal-wa'l-Ikram (Majesty and Bounty)
(86) Al-Muqsit (The Equitable One)
(87) Al-Jami' (The Gatherer)
(88) Al-Ghani (The Self-Sufficient One)
(89) Al-Mughni (The Enricher)
(90) Al-Mani' (The Preventer)
(91) Ad-Darr (The Distresser)
(92) An-Nafi' (The Propitious One)
(93) An-Nur (The Light)
(94) Al-Hadi (The Guide)
(95) Al-Badi' (The Incomparable)
(96) Al-Baqi (The Everlasting One)
(97) Al-Warith (The Supreme Inheritor)
(98) Ar-Rashid (The Guide to the Right Path)
(99) As-Sabur (The Patient One)
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Permission to use and distribute these excerpts is granted for non-commercial purposes, provided the following information is included:
Excerpted from
THE MYSTIC'S WHEEL OF THE YEAR 2008
A Multifaith Calendar Reflecting Eco-Egalitarian Spirituality
© 2007 Marija Miovski
www.WheeloftheYear.com
